Hardfill坝结构破坏模型试验研究

Hardfill坝是一种新坝型，有必要研究其结构破坏模式与破坏机理，评价结构安全度以促进新坝型的发展和应用。采用地质力学模型试验方法，进行了国内首次Hardfill坝破坏模型试验，分析大坝在外荷载作用下的变形、破坏特征及其演变过程。试验结果表明，Hardfill坝的破坏区域主要发生坝踵、坝趾及坝基面上，在超载过程中大坝经历了稳定、非线性变形以及失稳破坏三个阶段；大坝破坏模式为坝踵首先出现开裂，坝趾随即产生裂缝，最终坝体沿坝基面整体失稳，同时坝踵与坝趾附近部位开裂而形成了脱离坝体的三角形块体；坝踵、坝趾开裂超载系数K1=6.0~7.0，大变形超载系数K2=7.5~8.5，最终破坏超载系数K3=9.0~10.0。

Study on Structure Failure Test of Hardfill Dam

Hardfill dam is a new type of dam. It is necessary to study the structure failure mode and mechanism, and also to estimate structure safety to promote the development and application of the new dam type. Based on geomechnical model test method, the first domestic failure model experiment of Hardfill dam was carried out to analyze the deformation and failure characteristics of the dam due to load. Results showed that failure areas of typical Hardfill dam were located in dam heel, toe and the interface of the dam and foundation. During the overload process, the dam experienced three typical stages: stable, nonlinear deformation and failure. The failure mode was concluded as: dam heel cracked firstly and then dam toe damaged, finally the dam integrally slid along the interface of the dam and foundation. At the same time, triangle blocks were separated from dam body resulted from the cracks in dam heel and toe; cracking overload safety K1 of dam heel and toe was 6.0 to 7.0, large deformation overload safety K2 was 7.5 to 8.5, and eventually failure overload safety K3 was 9.0 to 10.0.