水库淤积控制与功能恢复研究进展与展望

世界上几乎所有水库都面临着泥沙淤积问题,淤积造成水库功能性、安全性和综合效益的降低已成为亟待解决的技术难题。已建水库的库容长期保持和可持续利用,以及已淤损库容的有效恢复,已成为解决水资源短缺的一种重要途径。本文简要介绍了近年来国内外在水库淤积基础研究方面的进展,从减少入库泥沙、水动力减淤和淤损库容恢复三个方面论述了水库淤积控制与功能恢复技术。未来需要加强水动力和人工措施共同作用下水库泥沙运动过程研究,研发淤损水库库容恢复及淤积物处理利用技术,建立水库功能影响评价模型,提出不同类型区水库功能恢复措施及策略。

Advance and prospect in research on reservoir sediment control and functional restoration

Almost all the reservoirs in the world face the problem of sediment deposition, which has become an urgent technical problem to reduce the function, safety and comprehensive benefit of the reservoir. The long-term conservation and sustainable utilization of the reservoir and the effective restoration of the capacity of the deposition loss become an important way to solve the water shortage. This paper briefly introduces the basic research progress of reservoir deposition at home and abroad in recent years, discusses the reservoir sedimentation control and function recovery techniques from three aspects of incoming sediment reduction,hydrodynamic desilting and recovery of silt capacity. In future,it is necessary to study on the sediment movement process under the joint action of hydrodynamic and artificial measures, develop the techniques of volume recovery and sediment treatment and utilization of silt reservoir, establish reservoir function impact assessment model, and put forward reservoir functional recovery measures and strategies for different types of regions.