水塘静水冰生消原型研究与数值模拟

为研究静水冰生长消融规律,2014年11月中旬至2015年3月中旬在内蒙古托克托县南湖水塘进行不同时段、不同水深静水冰生消的原型试验,通过试验观测得到冰盖厚度、水温和冰温随时间及气温变化过程。根据对水塘静水水体结冰和融化物理过程的分析,建立水温及冰盖生长、消融相互作用的耦合模型。结果表明:气温是静水冰盖生消的主要影响因素;在冰盖演变过程中,水深对其影响较小,仅对结冰后期冰厚及冰盖完全消融时间有所影响;表层水温受气温影响明显,深层水温受影响较小;冰面温度与气温变化同步。基于已有的数学模型,加入野外观测边界条件及气-冰-水三态热交换公式,模拟水温及冰盖生长和消融过程,发现冰厚和水温的计算值与实测值基本吻合,差值在波动允许范围内,此结果深化了对静态水域冰盖生效机理的认识。

Study on the pool ice growth-decay and numerical modeling

To study ice growth and decay evolution on still water,a prototype test was conducted at differ-ent time and different water depth on Nanhu pool, located at Tuoketuo County in Inner Mongolia, from mid-November 2014 to mid-March 2015, through which the process of ice thickness, water temperature and ice temperature changing with time and air temperature were obtained. According to the analysis of the physical process of water freezing and melting, the author established a water temperature model and the model of ice growth and decay. The results show that air temperature is a major influential factor on ice growth and decay. Water depth has minor impact on ice cover evolution, which only influences ice thick-ness in later freezing period and ice completely melting period. Water temperature in surface is more influ-enced than that in deep water by air temperature. The ice temperature is changing with air temperature con-sistently. On the basis of previous mathematical model, we added boundary conditions and ice-water-air heat exchange formula to simulate water temperature and ice thickness. It is showed that the simulated re-sults agreed to the measured results on the whole,and the errors are within the allowance range. These re-sults deepened the cognition for ice cover mechanism and numerical modeling under hydrostatic condition.