离子型稀土矿浸取工艺对资源、环境的影响

离子型稀土矿采用堆浸和原地浸矿等生产工艺，均会造成一定的环境破坏和资源损失。为了更好比较堆浸和原地浸矿工艺造成的资源环境损失差异，基于堆浸和原地浸矿生产工艺原理，将离子型稀土矿采选造成的资源损失分为暂时性损失（如残留在矿体或尾矿堆中的资源）和永久性损失（如资源从矿床底板渗漏造成的损失），把环境破坏分为显性破坏（如植被破坏、水土流失或采场滑坡等）和隐性破坏（如地下水污染），将资源损失和环境破坏按可控程度进行分类；在此基础上对堆浸和原地浸矿生产工艺造成的资源与环境影响进行综合比较；最后提出相关建议。

Impacts of ion-adsorption rare earth ’s leaching process on resources and environment

Production technologies for ion -adsorption rare earth , including heap leaching and in -situ leaching, invariably cause some environmental damage and resources losses. In order to compare the heap leaching and in-situ leaching with its environmental damage and resources losses , this paper for the first time categorizes the resources losses out of mining and dressing ion-adsorption rare earth into temporary losses （e.g. the resource remains in mines or in tailings piles ） and permanent losses （e,g. the leakage resource caused by poor developed ore deposit base plate or artificial baseboard with limitations ）based on the production technology principles of heap leaching and in-situ leaching. And the environmental damage is classified into explicit damage（e.g. vegetation deterioration, soil erosion ,tailings pile or stope landslide） and implicit one（e. g. the underground water pollution）. The resources losses and environmental damages are hierarchically classified in terms of their controllable degrees. The impacts of heap leaching and in -situ leaching technologies on resources and environment are comprehensively compared and contrasted. Some relevant proposals are accordingly put forward.