含油污泥铁组元的高效分离及其制备复合纳米催化剂

钢铁含油污泥是轧钢工艺过程中产生的一种危险性废物(HW08),其资源化利用难度大。采用碱洗法对含油污泥进行分离处理,并将分离所得的铁组元制备成复合纳米催化剂。碱洗脱油研究表明,当温度为80 ℃、碱溶液/含油污泥的质量比为1∶2、碱浓度为15%、反应时间为1 h时,含油污泥的脱油率达到94.14%,并得到铁质量分数为62.49%的固相。将脱油后的含铁固相通过共沉淀方法,得到粒径约为8 nm的磁性纳米Fe₃O₄,并与硅藻土通过溶剂热法制备了复合纳米催化剂,应用于罗丹明B催化降解,其降解率达到99.53%。本方法实现了对含油污泥的无害化处理和资源化利用。

Efficient separation of iron-containing components from oily sludge and preparation of composite nanocatalysts

Steel oily sludge is a kind of hazardous waste (HW08) produced in the steel rolling process, and its resource utilization is difficult. The separation and treatment of oily sludge by alkali washing method was studied, and the separated iron components were prepared into composite nanocatalysts. The study for alkali elution of oil shows that when the temperature is 80 ℃, the mass ratio of alkali solution/oily sludge is 1∶2, the alkali concentration is 15%, and the reaction time is 1 h, the deoiling rate of oily sludge can reach 94.14%, and the solid phase with iron mass fraction of 62.49% is obtained. The iron containing solid phase after deoiling was treated by coprecipitation method to obtain magnetic nano Fe₃O₄ with particle size of about 8 nm. The composite nanocatalyst was prepared by solvothermal method with diatomite and applied to the catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B, the degradation rate reached 99.53%. This method realizes the harmless treatment and resource utilization of oily sludge.