除尘滤筒脉喷清灰技术研究进展与展望

滤筒清灰是除尘器运行的关键环节，以脉冲喷吹技术应用最为广泛，具有工艺简单、不中断风流等优点。近年来，脉喷清灰滤筒除尘器因技术优势市场份额逐渐增多，相关研究发展迅速。研究者运用理论分析、试验研究和数值模拟等手段对滤筒的脉喷清灰技术进行了广泛探讨，并取得了大量有益进展。阐述了除尘滤筒脉喷清灰技术的基本原理、尘饼附着作用和清灰效果评价方法，分析了影响清灰性能的主要因素，剖析了除尘滤筒脉喷清灰存在的主要问题，总结了提高清灰均匀性改进措施的最新进展，并展望了滤筒脉喷清灰的发展方向。研究表明：滤筒清灰机理的认识普遍采用喷吹压力理论并以筒壁所受静压为喷吹指标；清灰效果评价主要基于过滤阻力的变化和落尘质量；喷吹气流偏斜、清灰不均匀、剥离粉尘回吸是滤筒清灰面临的共性难题，其中清灰不均匀是当前研究焦点；改善滤筒清灰性能主要有喷嘴设计、文丘里管增设、滤筒结构优化、喷吹策略改进等措施，其中协同对撞喷吹突破了单一点源式喷吹的局限，克服清灰不良问题潜力较大。未来研究的重点为脉冲喷吹滤筒清灰机理分析、脉喷清灰结构设计与参数优化、尘饼剥离与运移规律分析、脉喷系统及其参数设计规范建立。研究成果可为促进除尘滤筒脉喷清灰技术的发展和工程应用提供参考。

Study Progress and Outlook of Pulsed-jet Cleaning Technology for Filter Cartridge of Dust Collector

Filter cartridge cleaning is the key process in the operation of the dust collector.Pulsed-jet reverse airflow cleaning technology,as the most widely used cleaning technology,has the advantages of simple operated,airflow uninterrupted and so on.In recent years,the proportion of pulse-jet cleaning filter cartridge dust collectors in industry is gradually increased for its technology advantages and related research is developed rapidly.Researchers have extensively explored the pulse-jet cleaning technology of filter cartridges using theoretical analysis,experimental research and numerical simulation,and have made a lot of useful progress.This paper describes the basic principle of dust filter cartridge pulse-jet cleaning technology,the adhesion of dust cake,and the evaluation method of dust removal effect.Main factors affecting dust cleaning performance of the filter cartridge are analyzed,main problems are outlined,the latest progress of improvement measures to improve dust removal uniformity are summarized,and the development direction of dust filter cartridge pulse-jet cleaning technology are pointed out.The research shows that the theory of pulse jet pressure is generally adopted to understand the mechanism and the static pressure on the filter wall is taken as the jetting index.The evaluation of cleaning effect is mainly based on the change of filtration resistance and fallen dust mass.The jet deviation,patchy cleaning and dust re-deposition are common problems faced by the filter cartridge,of which the patchy cleaning is the focus of current research.The main measures to improve the dust cleaning performance of the filter cartridge are nozzle designing,venturi tube addition,filter cartridge structure optimization,jet strategy improvement and so on.Among them,opposing pulse jet cleaning technology breaks through the limitation of single-point source type and has great potential to overcome the patchy cleaning problem.Key points for future research including theory analysis of pulse jet filter cylinder cleaning,structure design of pulse jet cleaning and parameter optimization,regular analysis of dust cake releasing and migration,and establishment of specification for pulse jet system and parameter.The research results can provide reference for the development and engineering application of pulse-jet cleaning technology for dust filter cartridge.