不同价态杂质离子对黄铜矿浮选的影响机理研究

随着淡水资源的匮乏,选矿回水逐渐用于浮选黄铜矿,回水中存在的杂质离子会影响黄铜矿浮选指标。因此,以Na+、Ca2+、Al3+为例,研究不同价态的杂质离子对黄铜矿浮选的影响及其作用机理。试验结果表明:NaCl对黄铜矿可浮性有较强的促进效果,高浓度CaCl2对黄铜矿可浮性有明显抑制作用,而AlCl3对黄铜矿可浮性有一定抑制作用,但影响不显著。黄铜矿表面接触角、Zeta电位及物相图表明:高浓度NaCl阻碍气泡兼并,增加矿浆起泡性,压缩矿物表面双电层,减小气泡到达矿物表面的能量壁垒,促进气泡-颗粒的附着,提高黄铜矿可浮性;CaCl2对黄铜矿浮选的抑制作用是在溶液中形成了亲水的Ca2+羟基络合物(Ca(OH)+),通过很强的亲和力吸附于黄铜矿表面,降低了黄铜矿表面的Zeta电位负值,进而降低其表面疏水性,抑制黄铜矿浮选;AlCl3对黄铜矿浮选的抑制作用主要是因为形成的亲水氢氧化铝沉淀附着于黄铜矿表面,导致黄铜矿表面疏水性减弱,但由于形成沉淀浓度较低,对黄铜矿表面电位和浮选作用有限。

Influencing Mechanism of Ions with Different Valences on Chalcopyrite Flotation

With the shortage of freshwater resources， mineral processing backwater is gradually used for flotation of chalcopyrite. The impurity ions in the backwater will affect the flotation index of chalcopyrite. Therefore， taking Na⁺，Ca²⁺，Al³⁺ as examples， the effects of impurity ions with different valences on the flotation of chalcopyrite and their mechanism were studied. The test results show that NaCl had an obviously positive effect on chalcopyrite flotability， high concentration of CaCl₂ significantly inhibited floatability of chalcopyrite， AlCl₃ has a certain inhibitory effect on floatability of chalcopyrite， but the effect is not significant. Surface contact angle， Zeta potential and phase diagram of chalcopyrite show that high concentration of NaCl hinders bubble merger， increases pulp foaming， compresses electric double layeron mineral surface， reduces energy barrier of bubble reaching mineral surface， promotes bubble-particle adhesion， and improve the floatibility of chalcopyrite; CaCl2 inhibits chalcopyrite flotation by forming hydrophilic Ca²⁺ hydroxyl complex （Ca（OH）⁺） in solution， adsorbing on the surface of chalcopyrite through strong affinity， reducing the negative Zeta potential of chalcopyrite， thereby reducing its surface hydrophobicity and inhibiting chalcopyrite flotation. The inhibition effect of AlCl3 on chalcopyrite flotation is mainly due to the hydrophilic precipitation of aluminium hydroxide formed on the surface of chalcopyrite， which results in the weakening of the hydrophobicity of the surface of chalcopyrite. However， due to the low sedimentation concentration， it has limited effect on chalcopyrite surface potential and flotation.