页岩油气开发水环境保护要求与规制政策

页岩油气开发过程对当地水环境影响较大，不仅消耗大量水资源，还会形成潜在水环境污染，因此，保护开发地区的水环境就显得非常必要。通过对水环境保护要求的分析，认为页岩油气开发地区的水环境保护应建立在综合性系统思维、预见性、开发阶段性和区域性特征的基础上；通过对相关水环境保护法规、政策和制度等环境规制政策工具的梳理，认为要达到对开发区域水环境保护的要求，需要对现有相关环境规制工具进行选择、组合和完善。为此，提出了从水资源消耗、污染防控角度建立基于责任主体的和手段类型的页岩油气开发水环境保护规制矩阵。 

REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATIONS ON WATER ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR SHALE OIL-GAS DEVELOPMENT

Development of shale oil-gas largely impacts the water environment from mass consumption of water resource and potential water pollution, so it is necessary to protect the water environment during shale oil-gas development. In this paper, according to the requirements of water environmental protection, the protection shall be comprehensive, predictable, periodic, and regional. Based on the analysis of the water environmental protection laws, policies and regulations, the existing documents need to be selected, combined and optimized to reach the requirements of water environmental protection. This paper presents a matrix of water environmental protection for shale oil-gas development based on responsibility majority and means from water resource consumption and prevention of water pollution.