美国油气资源监管主要做法研究与经验借鉴

本文通过对美国土地管理局和德克萨斯州铁路委员会监管做法的梳理,得出美国油气资源监管主要特点:一是监管法规和规范明确;二是监管机构相对独立、拥有执法权、专业化程度高;三是勘探开发作业全过程监管;四是监管信息公开和社会监管程度高。结合我国油气监管实际情况,借鉴美国油气监管成功经验,提出了加强我国油气资源勘查开采监管的建议:一是研究并制定油气资源勘探开发作业标准规范;二是研究出台油气资源监管工作规程和操作指南;三是加强勘探开发作业事中和事后监管;四是加强信息公开调动社会监督。

Study on American oil and gas resource regulatory methods and benefited from US experience

By the study on the regulatory practices of US Bureau of Land and the Texas Railroad Commission, it"s summarized of the main characteristics of supervision regulatory of oil and gas resources in the U.S.: to clearly found oil-gas regulatory evidence and standards by formulating special oil-gas regulations and laws, to has relatively independent, law enforcement,and professional regulatory institutions, to implement the whole process regulatory during operations of exploration procedure, to be highly socialization regulated. Based on the actual situation of China,and learning the successful experience of American oil- gas regulatory, it"s proposed that we should study and establish the operations standards of oil and gas exploration and development, study the promulgation oil and gas resources supervision procedures and operational guidelines, strengthen the regulation of exploration process after the mining right approval, strengthen oil-gas resources information disclosure and promote social supervision.