煤矿粉尘健康风险综合评价研究

针对当前煤工尘肺病的严重性和普遍性,以及煤矿粉尘评价的不足,本文研究影响煤矿粉尘危害的各种因素,从产尘的直接因素切入,确定客观因素、井下工序、作业人员、防降尘措施和监控体系五大类指标体系,采用层次分析法,建立指标权重评比的模型,并确定指标与分值的映射关系,对风险等级进行五个级别的划分,最终构建一套综合内外在因素的定量评价体系,并基于计算机语言开发配套软件。结果显示：评价系统在三组煤矿的评分差异显著,处于不同的矿井粉尘危害等级,且等级划分与矿井实际粉尘现状相符,评价系统提供的决制支持客观合理。本文建立的评价体系具有参考和推广应用价值,有利于促进矿尘评价的规范化与科学化,增强人们对煤矿粉尘危险程度的认识,促进煤矿做好粉尘防治工作。

Comprehensive risk assessment of health hazard of coal mine dust

Considering the severity and prevalence of coal worker"s pneumoconiosis and the insufficient of coal mine dust evaluation, this paper studies various factors of coal mine dust, starts from the direct factors of dust generation, confirms five categories of index system (i.e., objective factors, underground processes, operation personnels, dust control measures and monitoring system), uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, establishes the model of index weight evaluation, determines the mapping relationship between the index and score value, divides the risk level into five levels, builds a quantitative evaluation system finally based on the comprehensive of internal and external factors, and develops a software based on computer language. Results reveals that the scores of the evaluation system are significantly different among the three groups of coal mines, meaning different levels of mine dust hazard. The grade division is consistent with the actual dust situation in the mine and the decision support provided by the evaluation system is objective and reasonable. The evaluation system established in this paper is valuable for reference and popularization, accelerates the standardization and scientific evaluation of coal dust, enhances people"s understanding the danger degree of coal mine dust, and promotes coal mine dust prevention and control work.