伴生放射性矿开发利用辐射环境安全监管法规体系的现状

伴生矿开发利用会使得天然放射性核素通过废气、废液及固体废物等途径进入环境。随着伴生矿开发利用类别和规模的增大,其造成的环境辐射污染也日益增加。"十三五"规划对伴生矿监管提出了要求,明确了伴生矿监管的重要性。本文梳理了从上层法律到参考性监管文件的伴生矿现有法规标准体系,并总结了现状。当前伴生矿辐射环境安全法规标准体系的问题包括体系不完善、适用性不足和法规标准间存在不自恰等。结合监管关注的要点,参考其他行业的标准体系,对伴生矿监管需求进行了研究分析,提出了完善伴生矿开发利用行业法规标准体系的针对性建议,给出了一套完整的适用于伴生矿的法规标准体系,进一步加强对伴生矿开发利用企业的监管,保障辐射环境安全。

The current situation of the regulatory system of radiation environmental safety for the development and utilization of associated radioactive mines in China

The development and utilization of associated mines will make natural radionuclides enter the environment through gas, liquid and solid waste. With the increasing scale of development and utilization of associated mines, its environmental radiation pollution also increases. The 13th Five-Year Plan put forward the supervision requirements of associated mines and emphasized the importance of the supervision of associated mines. This article collates the existing regulation and standard system of associated mines, from upper laws to reference supervision documents, and summarizes the current situation. Current problems in the regulation and standard system of radiation environmental safety for associated mines include imperfect system, lack of applicability and inconsistency among the provisions, etc. Considering the key points of supervision and referring to the standard systems of other industries, this article studies and analyzes the regulatory requirements of associated mines, and puts forward targeted suggestions for improving the legal and standard system. A comprehensive regulation and standard system applicable to associated mines is given to further strengthen the supervision of associated mine development and utilization enterprises and to ensure the radiation environmental safety.