碳中和背景下煤矿区土地生态系统碳源/汇研究进展及其减排对策

我国是煤炭生产大国和消费大国,梳理和总结国内外有关煤矿区土地生态系统碳源/汇研究,对于我国碳达峰和碳中和目标的实现具有重要意义。本文综述了矿区碳源/汇构成、损毁土地生态系统碳排放、复垦土地生态系统碳固存及矿区减排增汇途径。研究结果表明:矿区碳源包括植被破坏、土壤质地变化产生的碳损失和开采中化石能源使用产生的碳排放,碳汇主要来源于已复垦排土场;矿产资源开发由点—线—面—网逐渐向外扩展,碳排放量大小受经济发展水平、采矿强度、开采规模、开采方式、技术水平等影响;矿区碳固存一般经历4个阶段即原地貌未扰动阶段、开采扰动阶段、采矿后复垦阶段和平衡阶段,碳固存大小受植被类型、复垦措施、土壤理化性质、坡度等影响;矿区通过节约集约利用土地和及时有效的复垦,实现"低排放、高碳汇、高效益"的发展状态。针对煤矿区土地生态系统碳源/汇研究现状,提出未来矿区土地生态系统碳源/汇的研究重点,以期为我国减排增汇研究提供科学依据。

Research Progress of Ecosystem Carbon Cycle in Mining Area and Countermeasures for Emission Reduction

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the research on the carbon cycle in domestic and foreign mining areas, and to provide a reference for the green and low-carbon transformation of mining areas. The method applied in this paper is literature analysis. The research results show that (1) The main sources of carbon emissions from mining activities are vegetation destruction, changes in soil texture, and carbon emissions during mining, and the carbon sink comes from reclaimed dumps. (2) The impact of mining activities on the regional carbon cycle is characterized by externalities, long-term and intangible characteristics. Carbon emissions are affected by the level of economic development, mining intensity, mining scale, mining methods, and technological level. (3) Carbon sequestration in damaged land in mining areas generally goes through three stages of original geomorphology, disturbance stage, and reclamation stage. (4) The mining area realizes the development status of "low emission, high carbon sink, and high efficiency" through "less land occupation, less damage, more land reclaiming, fast reclamation" and cleaner production. In conclusion, the carbon cycle in the mining area should focus on establishing a scientific carbon source/sink accounting method system, constructing a mining area carbon cycle model, the strengthening of carbon cycle research in "mine-agriculture-city" composite ecosystem, the multi-scale study of the carbon cycle in the mining area, and analysis driving factors of the carbon cycle in the mining area.