某含萤石铍矿综合回收铍和萤石的试验研究

某含萤石铍矿中含BeO 0.33%、CaF₂ 36.53%，含铍矿物为金绿宝石，其他有用矿物为萤石，主要脉石矿物为方解石、白云石、绿泥石等，碳酸盐含量高达44.80%，选别难度极大。基于金绿宝石与碳酸盐矿物的密度差异，以及与主要矿物的可浮性差异，试验采用重液分选—优先浮选萤石—反浮选脉石的工艺流程处理该矿。针对-15 mm的原矿，首先对-15+0.5 mm粒级产品采用重液分选脱除了35.47%的脉石矿物，其中70%以上为碳酸盐矿物；再合并重液分选精矿与-0.5 mm粒级产品在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占80%的条件下，采用组合捕收剂丁基黄药+丁铵黑药+乙硫氮浮选脱除方铅矿等硫化矿，然后利用组合捕收剂氧化石蜡皂+油酸钠浮选萤石得到含CaF₂ 95.02%、回收率为65.96%的萤石精矿，浮选尾矿脱泥后反浮选脉石矿物，可获得含BeO 1.32%、回收率为70.92%的铍精矿。铍精矿后续可采用冶金方法提取获得氧化铍产品。

Experimental Study on Comprehensive Recovery of Beryllium and Fluorite from a Fluorite-beryllium Ore

The grade of BeO and CaF₂ in a beryllium-fluorite ore are 0.33% and 36.53% respectively. The beryllium mineral is chrysoberyl and another useful mineral is fluorite. The main gangue minerals are calcite, dolomite and chlorite, with the carbonate content as high as 44.80%, which makes it extremely difficult for mineral processing. , , A process of heavy liquid separation-fluorite flotation-reverse flotation of gangue was conducted based on the difference of density and floatability between the target and gangue minerals. For the ?15 mm raw ore, 35.47% gangue minerals among of which carbonate minerals were over 70%, were removed by heavy liquid separation in the ?15+0.5 mm class products. Furthermore, the heavy liquid separation concentrate combined with the ?0.5 mm class product was in the grinding fineness of ?0.074mm accounted for 80%, and was subjected to flotation using the combined collectors including butylxanthate, ammonium dibutyldithiophosphate, and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate to remove galena and other sulfide minerals. Then fluorite concentrate with CaF₂ grade of 95.02% and recovery rate of 65.96% was obtained by furether flotation with the combined collectors of oxidized paraffinum sodium salt and sodium oleate. Following the flotation tailings was deslimed, reverse flotation of gangue minerals was adopted to obtain a beryllium concentrate containing 1.32% BeO with a recovery rate of 70.92%. Subsequently, beryllium concentrate can be treated by metallurgical method to obtain beryllium oxide products.