扫描电子显微镜在岩矿分析中的应用

扫描电子显微镜对样品要求低、具有高分辨率和实时成像功能,由于可携带分析功能强大的各类附件,成为岩矿分析中常用的测试仪器之一。本文从岩矿分析的角度出发,详细阐述扫描电子显微镜在形貌观察、成分分析、组构分析和阴极荧光分析中的典型应用案例,证明其不仅能够拍摄高分辨率的样品微区形貌图、阴极荧光图以及具有清晰边界的多相矿物相图;同时可结合能谱仪、波谱仪、电子背散射衍射探头和聚焦离子束等附件及多种分析软件对矿物的二维分布、含量、颗粒形态等信息进行提取,以获得有关岩石、矿物的元素组成,变化规律及其赋存状态等更多信息。由于影响扫描电子显微镜测试结果准确性的原因较多,笔者将重点从制样问题说明,并给予相应的解决办法,以供使用者参考。

Application of scanning electron microscopy in rock-mineral analysis

Scanning electron microscopy has become one of the commonly used testing instruments in rock and ore analysis and testing because of its low requirements for samples, high resolution and real-time imaging functions, as well as its ability to carry powerful accessories for analysis. In this paper, the typical application cases of scanning electron microscopy in morphology observation, composition analysis, fabric analysis and cathode fluorescence analysis are described in detail from the perspective of rock ore analysis. This proves that it can take high-resolution micro area morphology, cathode fluorescence and multiphase mineral phase map with clear boundary. At the same time, scanning electron microscopy can combine with a variety of accessories which are energy disperse spectroscopy, wavelength dispersive spectrometer, electron backscatter diffraction probe, focused ion beam and analysis software to extract two-dimensional distribution, content, particle morphology and other characteristics of minerals. The ultimate purpose is to obtain more information about the element composition, change rules and occurrence state of rocks and minerals. Because there are many reasons affecting the accuracy of scanning electron microscopy test results, the author will only explain the sample preparation problems and give corresponding solutions for users ’ reference.