Network coding and competitive approach for gradient based routing in wireless sensor networks |
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| Authors: | Lusheng Miao Karim Djouani Anish Kurien Guillaume Noel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Agricultural Research Council, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X 2, Irene, 0062, South Africa;2. Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Animal Sciences, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa;3. Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Directorate: Farm Animal Genetic Resource, Private Bag X 250, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa;4. University of Pretoria, Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Private Bag X 20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa;1. University of Johannesburg, Department of Zoology, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;2. Wildlife Biological Resources of National Zoological Gardens, PO Box 582, c/o NECSA, Pelindaba, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;3. Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa;1. Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Catania, 6 A. Doria Street, 95125 Catania, Italy;2. Computer Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Cambridge (UK), 15 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FD, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Energy efficiency is a key design criterion for routing protocols in wireless sensor networks since sensor nodes are strongly constrained in terms of energy supply. Gradient-Based Routing (GBR) is a well known energy efficient routing protocol that is used in WSNs. However, there exist shortcomings in the GBR scheme such as: (1) sinks make use of flooding to broadcast interest messages which leads to a lot of duplication packets which are transmitted. This leads to the waste of a lot of energy in the network and (2) nodes deliver messages in a point to point manner. As a result, the potential of data retransmissions in the network is high due to the unstable network environment in WSNs. In this study, network coding and a competitive approach are proposed to solve the above two problems. Firstly, an energy efficient broadcast algorithm using network coding for GBR (GBR-NC) is proposed. This algorithm aims to reduce network traffic, and furthermore, reduce the energy consumption and prolong the lifetime of the network. Secondly, two competing algorithms (GBR-C and auto-adaptable GBR-C) are proposed for GBR. The basic idea of the proposed competing algorithms is to reduce the retransmission attempts and save the energy by considering two forward candidates. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes give better results when compared to the traditional GBR in terms of energy efficiency. |
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