基于LiDAR点云的地理电磁环境建模及仿真研究

在复杂地理环境中，不规则的地形和多样化的地表覆盖物会给电波的传播造成较大的影响.针对数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model，DEM）电磁建模缺少地表覆盖物信息的不足，研究了基于LiDAR点云的地理电磁环境的建模.采用数学形态学方法对格网化后的LiDAR点云数据进行处理，从点云数据中先后提取了地物、地形的信息，在此基础上，对各种地物赋予其相匹配的电磁参数，得到了更为准确的地理电磁环境的模型，并采用抛物方程模型对有真实地表覆盖物环境下的电波传播特性进行了仿真分析.相较于传统的基于DEM的电磁建模，该电磁建模方法能够获取到地形、地物的信息，更全面地考虑到地物对电波传播特性的影响，预测结果也将更加准确有效.

Modeling and simulation of geographic electromagnetic environment based on LiDAR point cloud

In the complex geographic environment,the irregular terrain and diversified ground surface cover will cause a greater impact on electric wave propagation.With a view that the electromagnetic modeling focusing on the digital elevation model lacks the information about ground surface cover,the paper studies the modeling in geographic electromagnetic environment based on LiDAR point cloud.It processes the LiDAR point cloud data with grid transformation using the mathematical morphological method,successively extracts information about ground objects and terrain from the point cloud data,then gives various ground objects the matched electromagnetic parameters,obtains a more accurate model in the geographic electromagnetic environment,and makes a simulation analysis of the characteristics of electric wave propagation in the environment of real ground surface cover through the parabolic equation model.Compared with the traditional electromagnetic modeling based on digital elevation model,the proposed modeling method can obtain the information of terrain and ground features,can more comprehensively consider the impact of ground objects on the characteristics of electric wave propagation,and thus the prediction results are more accurate and effective.