海杂波背景下雷达目标特征检测方法的现状与展望

海杂波背景下的雷达目标检测对民用和军事都有着重要的意义。随着海面目标的小型化和隐身化，海面慢速、漂浮小目标已经成为了雷达警戒的重点对象。关于此类小目标的检测一直以来都是海杂波背景下目标检测中的难题。通常，漂浮小目标的雷达散射横截面积(RCS)微弱，并且运动速度慢，常常在时域和频域均存在“超杂波检测”的困难。传统目标检测方法对漂浮小目标的检测存在明显的性能瓶颈。对于海面漂浮小目标的检测，采用高多普勒和高距离分辨体制(“双高”体制)是从雷达体制上解决这个问题的有效途径。在双高体制下，雷达接收的目标回波提供了更多的可用信息。然而，如何将这些更加精细化的信息转化为探测性能的提升，一直以来都是雷达届关注的难点，相关科研成果也一直在不断地推陈出新。近些年，在双高雷达体制下，学者们提出了多种基于特征的目标检测方法，作为对海智能检测的人工特征工程阶段，这些方法缓解了仅依靠能量信息较难检测小目标的困难局面，极大程度地改善了对漂浮小目标的检测性能。为了更好地让相关雷达从业者了解该领域这些年的发展和未来的趋势，该文首先总结了对海检测的难点和常用的目标检测方法，然后分析了特征检测的原理和通用框架以及国内外几种典型的基于特征的检测方法，最后对特征检测方法发展趋势进行了展望。 

Status and Prospects of Feature-based Detection Methods for Floating Targets on the Sea Surface (in English)

Radar target detection in sea clutter is of significance to both the civil and military applications. With the miniaturization and invisibility of sea targets, Small Floating Targets (SFTs) with slow speed have become the focus of radar detection. However, the detection of SFTs in the background of sea clutter has always been a challenging problem. SFTs usually have a weak Radar Cross Section (RCS) and slow speed, making them difficult to be detected in sea clutter. Traditional target detection methods exhibit poor performance in the detection of SFTs. For the detection of small and weak targets on the sea surface, a high Doppler resolution and high range resolution system (double-high system) is an effective approach to solve this problem. In the double-high system, the target echo received by the radar provides readily available and sufficient information. However, how to transform and refine this information to improve detection performance has always been a challenge to the radar industry. In recent years, as an artificial feature engineering stage for intelligent radar target detection, scholars have proposed various feature-based target detection methods based on the double-high system to alleviate the difficulty of SFT detection when relying only on energy information and to considerably improve the detection performance. To ensure that relevant radar practitioners better understand the development of this field in recent years and the future trend, this paper summarizes the difficulties of sea target detection and common target detection methods, analyzes the principle and general framework of feature detection and several typical feature-based detection methods, and explores the development trend of feature-based detection methods.