激光快速成形Rene 80高温合金组织及裂纹形成机理

研究了激光快速成形(LRF)Rene 80高温合金厚壁件的凝固组织和裂纹的形成机理。结果表明,激光快速成形Rene 80高温合金的凝固组织为与沉积高度方向平行的定向凝固枝晶组织,由于凝固偏析,MC型碳化物和γ-γ′共晶组织分布于定向凝固组织的枝晶间区域。激光快速成形Rene 80高温合金厚壁件含有许多长度大于10mm,扩展方向与沉积高度方向平行的宏观裂纹。分析表明,这些裂纹为液化裂纹,其形成原因为:激光快速成形时,紧邻激光熔池的热影响区(HAZ)内沿晶界分布的低熔点γ-γ′共晶组织发生熔化,形成热影响区内沿晶界扩展的晶界液相,在热影响区冷却过程中,由于热影响区内固相的收缩应力作用,沿晶界扩展的固-液界面被撕开,从而导致液化裂纹的产生。

Microstructures and Mechanism of Cracks Forming of Rene 80 High-Temperature Alloy Fabricated by Laser Rapid Forming Process

The microstructures and mechanism of cracks forming of a thick-wall part of Rene 80 superalloy fabricated by laser rapid forming (LRF) process are presented. Results show that the solidified microstructures of LRF Rene 80 high-temperature alloy consist of directionally solidified dendrites, which are parallel with the deposition direction. The MC type carbides and γ-γ′ eutectic distribute in interdendritic region of the directionally solidified microstructure due to element segregation. The LRF Rene 80 high-temperature alloy thick-wall part contains many macro cracks, which have the length of more than 10 mm and expand along the direction parallel to the deposition direction. Analyses indicate that these macro cracks are liquated cracks. During LRF process, the γ-γ′ eutectic with lower melting point particularly along the grain-boundary regions in heat-affected zone (HAZ) melt produced by laser melting pool and result in the formation of grain-boundary liquid. On the subsequent cooling process of the HAZ, the liquated cracks along the HAZ grain boundaries occurred by decohesion across the liquid-solid interface due to shrinkage stresses of solid phase in HAZ, while the liquated γ-γ′ eutectic is still liquid.