Electromagnetic field photonic sensors |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona n. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Ambiente e per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile, Politecnico di Bari, Viale del Turismo, 74100 Taranto, Italy;1. School of Physics and Electronic Technology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China;2. Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;1. Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;2. Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore;3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;4. CINTRA, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore;5. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;1. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment& System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;2. Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu 610072, China;1. School of Opto-Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian district Beijing, 100081, PR China;2. Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, PR China;1. Integrated Lightwave Research Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur-50603, Malaysia;2. Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;3. Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;4. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;5. Faculty of Engineering, Taylor’s University, Selangor, Subang Jaya-47500, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, we review the different configurations proposed for electromagnetic field optical sensing. Intrinsic and extrinsic optical fiber sensors for electric and magnetic field measurement are examined, including those realized jacketing the fiber by magnetostrictive, conductive, electrochromic and polymeric materials and those measuring induced strain by magnetostrictive, electrostrictive and piezoelectric transducers. Extrinsic optical fiber sensors exploiting magneto-optic, electro-optic and Joule effects are also presented.Moreover, integrated optical electric and magnetic field sensors in which microwave signal provided by an antenna modulates the optical signal generated by an optical source are reviewed. Finally, active and coupled resonators based on electric field sensors are investigated. |
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