量子信息中的腔QED方案简介

在量子信息领域，腔量子电动力学(Cavity—QED)方案被认为是最有效的量子信息方案之一。随着技术的发展，越来越多的量子信息处理过程可通过腔-QED方案在实验上实现，例如，纠缠态的制备和量子逻辑门的实现。这里，我们将腔-QED的发展作一综述。腔-QED方案的核心就是腔场和原子的相互作用。根据原子的跃频率和场模频率的关系，我们可以将上述相互作用分为两大类：共振相互作用(原子的跃迁频率等于场模频率)和失谐相互作用(原子的跃迁频率与场模频率的失谐量很大)。从这两不同的方案出发，我们都可以实现；纠缠态的制备、未知量子态的隐形传输和量子逻辑门的构建。但是在共振相互作用中，量子信息处理过程对腔的Q值要求很高，这就使得实验实现很困难。而大失谐相互作用对腔的Q值要求大大降低，使得实验实现成为可能。通过比较，我们认为，大失谐方案为量子信息处理开辟了广阔的前景，使量子网络和量子计算机在不久的将来成为可能。

Cavity QED technology in quantum information

In the realm of quantum information, cavity QED is the most effective scheme that can realize the quantum information process. In cavity QED, the core is the interaction between atoms and cavity modes. Based on the frequencies of atomic transitions and cavity modes, we can divide the interaction into two different kinds, one is the resonant interaction where the atomic transition frequency is equal to cavity mode frequency, the other is the large-detuned interaction where the atomic transition frequency is large detuned from the cavity mode frequency. From the two different kinds of interaction we all can prepare entangled states, teleport unknown states and realize the quantum logic gates. By comparison, we conclude that the large-detuned interaction scheme would become a promising scheme, and would make the realization of quantum network and quantum computer possible in the near future.