高速公路汽车追尾碰撞乘员安全性研究

研究高速公路汽车追尾交通事故中前车乘员颈部运动及其损伤形态,即挥鞭效应。采用有限元动态仿真技术模拟汽车追尾碰撞过程,仿真与试验结果进行对比验证,对应的特征参数基本一致。利用仿真结果分析汽车追尾事故中前车假人颈部的运动损伤特性,并进行安全性评价。结果表明,前车假人颈部的最大前屈和后屈转矩都在评价标准的安全范围之内,但已经接近临界值。研究的结果主要应用于汽车的安全性设计、道路的安全设施配置和交通安全管理等领域。

Study on Occupant's Safety in Car Rear-end Collision on Expressway

When a rear-end collision accident happened in the highway,the neck of the occupant who sit at the front of the car will be hurt possibly.The main characteristic of the motion and the hurt appearance about the neck which is called "whiplash effect" were learned.The process of the car rear-end collision was simulated using the technology of the three-dimensional finite element dynamic simulation.The contrast of the result between simulation and experiment indicate that the feature parameters are consistent generally.The motion and the hurt appearance of the dummy's neck sitting at the front of the car in the rear-end collision traffic accident were analyzed through the simulate result and the safety was evaluated.The result show that the maximal moment of proneness and retroversion are all within the safety scale of evaluate criterion but close to critical.This research result can be used in the regions such as car safety design,safety establishment collocation and traffic safety management,and so on.