石太铁路山区段涵洞水害成因分析及防治

山区铁路涵洞每年雨季易发生水害,影响铁路正常运营。为了查明山区铁路涵洞发生水害的原因,提高山区铁路抵御水害的能力,依托石家庄至太原铁路某涵洞水害实际治理工程,对特大洪水造成涵洞闷孔水害的成因进行分析,在调查该地区气象、水文、地质资料的基础上,按照“原状复旧、适当提升、完善排水系统、提升抗洪能力”的原则,经过桥涵水文检算,最终提出框架桥扩孔改造的复旧方案。研究表明:(1)涵洞水害主要表现为杂物拱涵堵塞淤积,道床冲空造成的线路沉降与横移,以及杂物掩埋线路;(2)水害成因可归纳为暴雨历时长、雨强大,涵洞上游自然生态发生变化,涵洞高程低,涵洞前水流转向角度大,以及其他水源汇入等5个方面;(3)建议采用扩孔顶进框架桥复旧方案,可在保证线路安全运营的前提下有效降低水害发生风险。

Cause Analysis and Prevention of Water Disaster in Mountain Culverts of Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan Railway

Railway culverts in mountainous areas are prone to water damage during the rainy season every year,which affects the normal operation of railway.In order to find out causes of water damage in mountain railway culverts and improve the ability of mountain railways to resist water damage,based on a water disaster control project of a culvert of the Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan Railway,this paper analyzes causes of the culvert hole water damage caused by the catastrophic flood.By investigating the meteorological,hydrological and geological data of the area,the frame bridge expansion and reconstruction plan is proposed after the bridge and culvert hydrological check and calculation.The plan is in accordance with the principle of“restore the original state,properly upgrade,improve the drainage system,and enhance the flood resistance”.Research shows:(1)culvert water damage is mainly manifested as blockage and siltation of arch culverts,line settlement and lateral movement caused by the emptying of the track bed,and buried lines under debris;(2)causes of water damage can be summarized in five aspects:long duration of heavy rain,strong rain,changes in the natural ecology upstream of the culvert,low elevation of the culvert,large turning angle of water flow before the culvert,and the inflow of other water sources;(3)It is recommended to adopt the reinstatement plan of the reamed jacking frame bridge,which can effectively reduce the risk of water damage under the premise of ensuring the safe operation of the line.