考虑灵活车票的高速铁路票额分配优化研究

为改善高速铁路收益,将部分高速铁路席位以灵活车票的形式出售。灵活车票价格较低,且在出售时只确定出行时段或备选车次集合,具体车次和席位延迟到发车前的某个时间兑现。设计两阶段售票组织方法,构建考虑灵活车票的两阶段高速铁路票额分配模型,采用CPLEX求解。利用模型最优解构造基于预订限制的预售控制策略,设计仿真算法,并选取京沪高速铁路部分列车进行仿真测试,分析灵活车票的收益特性。结果表明:相比单纯折扣销售,出售灵活车票使期望总收益增加1.57%,体现了供给灵活性的优越性;相比原有固定票价,新增灵活车票使得期望总收益增加6.51%,收益改善来自于低价吸引需求和供给灵活性的耦合效果;不同需求水平下,设置灵活车票在应对需求不确定性方面均发挥着优势。

Research on Optimization of High-speed Rail Ticket Allocation with Flexible Tickets

To improve the revenue of high-speed rail,some of the high-speed rail seats could be sold as flexible tickets.At a lower price,flexible tickets feature available travel time periods or alternative train sets at the time of ticket sale.The information such as the specific train and seat for the flexible ticket is not available until a certain time before the departure.A two-stage ticketing organization method was designed.A two-stage high-speed rail ticket allocation optimization model considering flexible tickets was constructed,and was solved using CPLEX.The optimal solutions of the models were used to construct the ticket pre-sale control strategy based on booking limits.A simulation algorithm was designed,and simulation testing was conducted on some trains of the Beijing—Shanghai high-speed railway to analyze the revenue characteristics of flexible tickets.The simulation results show that the expected total revenue of flexible tickets increases by 1.57%compared with simple discount sales,which reflects the superiority of supply flexibility.Compared with the original fixed fare,adding flexible tickets increases the expected total revenue by 6.51%,with the revenue improvement resulting from the coupling effect of low prices attracting demand and supply flexibility.Under different demand levels,selling flexible tickets has advantages in coping with demand uncertainty.