单层双层集装箱车体振动特征分析

为了分析单层双层集装箱车体振动特征及成因，利用柔性体接口处理技术对策（ITTS），建立了单层双层集装箱专用车辆刚柔耦合模型，并进行了整车模态分析对比和基于轨道谱的车体振动特征分析对比。这两种车体的结构型式是截然不同的，单层车体是利用一根纵梁构成的“鱼刺”形结构，而双层车体则是利用两个边梁构成的“落下孔”型结构。在三大件转向架的摇枕悬挂中，斜楔摩擦“卡滞”所产生的动力作用使单层车体形成了具有二阶垂向弯曲模态振动特征的弹性振动。由于通用转向架的摇枕悬挂与双层集装箱装载方式所形成的惯性特征不匹配，双层车体运动模态振动频率过低，如点头、摇头和侧滚等，造成车体结构产生伴随模态振动。因为双层车体具有“落下孔车”结构特征，其横向稳定性比较差，因而双层车体弹性振动特征与装箱方式有关，只有在上下20ft×2装箱时才出现一阶弯曲模态振动，其他装箱方式则主要表现为车体横向振动。

Vibration Characteristic Analysis of Single-deck and Double-deck Container Carbodies

In order to analyse the vibration characteristic of single - deck and double - deck container carbodies and their vibrating causes, the rigid - flexible coupling full - vehicle models of both single - deck and double - deck container wagons were established with the Interface Transaction Technical Strategy （ITTS） for flex - body, and the following contrast analyses were carried out： the modal analysis of the fall vehicle and the vibration characteristic of carbody structures based on rail irregularlity PSD. The structures of these two carbodies are different from each other, the sigle - deck carbody is the fish- bone like structure formed by a longitudinal beam, and the double- deck carbody is the well- hole hke one formed by two side beams. The jamming interaction caused by the wedge＇s friction in bolster＇s suspension of 3 - piece bogie makes the single- deck carbody produce the elastic vibration with the vibration characteristic of the 2th vertical bending mode. Due to the mal - matching relation between the bolster＇ s suspension in general bogie and the inertial features determined by the double - deck container laoding pattern, the motion modal vibrating frequencies of double - deck carbody are on low side, for instance, pitch, yaw and roll, which cause the structure of double - deck carbody to produce the incidental modal vibrations. Because of the double - deck carbody with the weel - hole like structural features, which has the worse lateral stability, therefore, the vibration characteristic of the double - deck carbody is depended on the container laoding pattern, only when the 20 ft× 2 cases on each deck the 1st vertical bending modal vibration will be appeared, and for the other laoding patterns, the lateral vibrations of carbody will be represented mainly.