道岔区轮轨力转移与分配特性研究

道岔区复杂的轮轨接触状态决定了其轮轨力特性与一般线路相比存在较大的差异。利用空间轮轨接触几何关系理论和Hertz非线性弹性接触理论，研究道岔区车轮与同侧并列的2股钢轨同时接触的2点接触问题。依据2点接触时轮轨弹性压缩量计算每一接触点上的轮轨力，由此确定车辆侧向和直向通过时的轮轨2点接触范围以及轮轨力转移和分配特性。结果表明：2股钢轨上轮轨力转移和分配特性不仅与钢轨外形、轨顶高度和宽度有关，而且与车辆过岔方式有关；考虑轮轨2点接触后的计算方法，消除了单点接触轮轨力计算中轮轨接触点从一股钢轨转移到另一股钢轨上时引起的轮轨力突变，使得轮轨力变化更为平顺和真实。

Study on the Characteristics of Wheel/Rail Force Transfer and Distribution on Turnout Zone

The wheel/rail force characteristics of turnout zone are quite different from that of common rails due to its complicated wheel/rail contact state. Making full use of the wheel/rail spatial geometry contact theory and Hertzian nonlinear elastic contact methods, the wheel/rail two-point contact relationship is studied in which one wheel/rail contact patch is located on the stock or wing rail and another is located on the blade or heart rail, and the normal forces on the two wheel/rail contact patches are simulated with the help of elastic penetration. Furthermore, the proportion of the wheel/rail forces on two rails is distributed according to the elastic penetration of each wheel/rail contact patch in this paper. The location of the twocontact-patch and the characteristics of the wheel/rail forces distribution and transfer from one rail to another are simulated while the vehicle divergently and straightly passes through the turnout zone. From the results, it shows that the dynamic characteristic of wheel/rail force transfer and distribution on two rails of turnout zone is related to many factors such as wheel/rails profile, rails height, rails breadth and the operating way of the vehicle. With the two-contact-patch method, the simulated wheel/rail force changes more smoothly and practically than that of one-contact-patch method while the wheels transfer from one rail to another.