钢轨波磨研究进展

为了解轨道车辆运营中普遍存在的钢轨波磨问题，分析了钢轨波磨的形成机理，阐述了钢轨波磨对车辆-轨道系统动力学性能的影响，综述了常见的钢轨波磨检测、监测与抑制方法，并展望了钢轨波磨的研究方向。研究结果表明:车辆-轨道系统耦合振动、轮轨反馈振动、轮轨自激振动和轮轨接触振动是形成钢轨波磨的主因，车辆-轨道结构、线路运营条件、轮轨材料、钢轨型面和车轮踏面轮廓等多方面因素相互耦合作用亦会引起钢轨波磨；重载、高速铁路和地铁钢轨波磨会影响车辆-轨道系统动力学性能和车辆与轨道零部件寿命，也会影响扣件、钢轨、轨枕、轨道板(道砟)和轴箱等零部件的振动特性，各零部件的阻尼、刚度等物理参数与运行条件不匹配时也会造成钢轨波磨，列车长时间运行在钢轨波磨路段时会导致车辆-轨道结构产生强烈共振，造成严重疲劳损伤，影响行车安全；检测与监测是研究和发现钢轨波磨的重要辅助手段，抑制钢轨波磨主要通过改善轮轨接触关系、钢轨打磨、提高钢轨表面材料硬度、添加相关摩擦调节剂和轮轨润滑剂、使用钢轨吸振器技术、优化轮轨系统结构以及调整列车运营规定等措施来实现；目前，钢轨打磨仍是消除和减轻钢轨波磨最直接、最有效和最经济的措施，应提升并改善钢轨打磨技术。 

Research progress on rail corrugation

To understand the rail corrugation problem commonly observed in the operation of rail vehicles, its formation mechanism was analyzed. The influence of rail corrugation on the dynamics performance of vehicle-track system was investigated. The common methods for the detection, monitoring, and suppression of rail corrugation were reviewed. In addition, the future research directions of rail corrugation were proposed. Research results show that the coupled vibration, wheel-rail feedback vibration, wheel-rail self-excited vibration, and wheel-rail contact vibration of vehicle-track system are the main causes of rail corrugation. In addition, the coupling of various factors, such as vehicle-track structure, operating condition of line, wheel-rail material, rail profile, and wheel tread profile, also cause the rail corrugation. Heavy load and the corrugations of high-speed railway and metro rail affect the dynamics performance of vehicle-track system and the lifes of vehicle and track components. The vibration characteristics of components, such as the fastener, rail, sleeper, track plate (ballast), and axle box, are also affected. Rail corrugation is also caused when the physical parameters, such as the damping and stiffness of each component, do not match the operating conditions. When a train runs on the corrugated section of a rail for a long time, the rail corrugation causes strong resonance of the vehicle-track structure and leads to severe fatigue damage, affecting the driving safety. The detection and monitoring on the rail corrugation are important auxiliary methods for the research and discovery of rail corrugation. The suppression of rail corrugation is mainly achieved through the measures such as improving the wheel-rail contact relationship, rail grinding, increasing the hardness of rail surface material, adding the related friction adjusters and wheel-rail lubricants, using the rail vibration absorber technology, optimizing the wheel-rail system structure, and adjusting the train operational regulation. At present, rail grinding is still the most direct, effective, and economical measure to eliminate and reduce rail corrugation. Therefore, rail grinding technology should be upgraded and improved. 3 tabs, 14 figs, 103 refs.