侵权之诉还是政府干预——经济法与民法视野中的外部性矫正问题

外部性是造成市场失灵的重要原因。法律制度首先确定权利 ,然后采取提起侵权之诉 (民法方法 )或者政府直接干预 (经济法方法 )来矫正外部性。选择哪种方法 ,由交易费用的大小决定。影响交易费用大小的重要因素是权利和权利主体具有私人性还是社会公共性特征 ,经济法则适用于交易费用过高导致民法失灵的情形。从影响交易费用的因素可以推论 ,经济法以调整对象的社会公共性为本质特征 ,与民法相互配合 ,共同调整现代社会中日趋复杂的经济关系。

Government Intervention in the Rectification of Externality

One important explanation for market failure is externality,which can be internalized by law.The approach includes defining property right firstly,then, choosing action for indemnity or government intervention as a solution.The choice rests with the amount of transaction cost. The significant factor determining the amount of transaction cost involves whether the nature of the right and its subject is private or public.This indicates that economical law is applied when and where the civil law failure occurs,and safeguarding social public interests is his essential feature.