论“认罪态度”在量刑情节中的定位

传统刑法和司法实践将"认罪态度"定位于酌定量刑情节,由于立法的模糊性和司法人员的认识差异,造成了量刑时空上的不平衡。本文认为,随着"自首"、"立功"和"坦白"的逐步法定化,将"积极退赃"和"赔偿损失"升格为法定量刑情节的条件已经具备。它不仅没有违背罪刑法定原则,而且依赖于刑罚改造理论和人身危险性理论的理论支撑,还有相关法律和司法解释作为法律基础及外国立法提供的参考和借鉴。因此,应将"积极退赃"和"赔偿损失"升格为法定量刑情节的条件和从宽处罚的具体标准,实现"认罪态度"在量刑情节中法律地位的转变及司法的公平与公正。

On the Orientation of Confessed Attitude among the Circumstances for Sentencing

The traditional criminal law and judicial practice regarded the confessed attitude as the considerable circumstance.It caused imbalance of sentencing because of legislation fuzziness and judicial personnel’s known differences.It has conditions turning "the returned stolen goods" and "compensation for losses" into legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing with statutory delimitation of surrender,observing and confession.It does not violate the principle of legality,at the same time,it depends on the theories of penal reform,personal risk,law and judicial interpretation.Foreign legislation provides reference for it.Designing legal conditions and concrete standard of tolerant punishment to realize status transform of confessed attitude and judicial justice.