气候资源国家所有权的社会功能与权利结构

近两年来,气候资源所有权的立法引发诸多争议,学界从法律依据、资源属性和制度逻辑等几个层面批评了气候资源国家所有权的规定.这些批评的依据与分析的进路存在着可商榷之处：气候资源本身的自然属性和社会属性并不妨碍其作为国家所有权的客体,从《宪法》等法律相关条文规定上检讨气候资源国家所有权的法律依据是法条主义进路.气候资源国家所有权的制度逻辑可以克服气候资源的自由获取悲剧,实现气候资源国家管理和公益保护的社会功能.气候资源国家所有权在立法价值和社会功能上不同于民法所有权,需要更新其权利结构,除了具体化和更新传统的占有、使用、收益、处分四项权能的内涵,还需要引入保护权能和管理权能.

Social Function and Right Structure of Climatic Resources of State Ownership

In the past two years, the climate resources ownership legislation caused a lot of controversy, scholars criticized the provisions of national ownership of climate resources from several aspects such as legal basis, resource attribute and the logic of system and so on. These criticisms＇ basis is worthy of discussing. Climate resources in its own natural attribute and social attribute does not obstruct it to be the object of state ownership, based on the constitution and other legal provisions to review climate resources of state ownership is legalism. The system logic of climate resources of state ownership can overcome climate resources free access to tragedy, realize climate resources national management and the social function to protect public interest. Climate resources of state ownership is different from the civil law ownership on legislative value and social function, so it requires to update its power structure, in addition to concrete and update four functions＇ traditional connotation of possession, use, profit and dispose, also needs to introduce the protection power and management power.