论支配权概念——以德国民法学为背景

支配权是权利人无需他人意思的协作,即可在客体上单方面实现自己意思的权利。支配权概念的产生与对物权性概念的不同理解密不可分,自其产生之后就发展为一种独立的权利类型。支配可以分为事实支配与法律支配。前者以直接占有为标志;而要构成法律支配,则必须或者构成间接占有,或者具有对客体的处分权。支配权的范围包括对物、精神产品、财产权利和自身人格的支配权。支配权与绝对权、形成权、抗辩权之间存在着本质的区别。

On the Concept of Allocating Right

The conception of Herrschaftsrechte, which later developed into an individual type of rights, is closely related to the various understandings of Dinglichkeit. Herrschaftsrechte are rights through which a person may realize his/her intention unilaterally upon the object and no other's intention is needed therefor. Herrschaft can be divided into two kinds: de facto Herrschaft which is marked with direct occupation, and de jure Herrschaft which is accompanied with either indirect occupation or right of disposal the object. The objekts of Herrschaftsrechte cover Sachen, intellectual products, property rights and rights of personality. Herrschaftsrechte are different with the absolute rights, Gestaltungsrechte and Einrede/Einwnde in their nature.