论民法典法定离婚理由的设计及残疾人权益保护

正在制定的我国《民法典·婚姻家庭编》(草案)第856条是整个离婚制度的核心。其立法主张和立法技术彰显了整个离婚制度的价值追求和逻辑体系。但是,从整个制度设计上看,其也存在利益失衡和逻辑失范之处。其概括条款"其他导致夫妻感情破裂的情形"缺乏对"重大"和"有责配偶请求权"的限制,整个离婚理由缺乏"苛刻条款"等平衡弱势配偶权益的制度设计。上述缺陷对残疾人离婚权益保护具有负面影响,借助对残疾人离婚案件实证分析所得出的数据,参考世界最新立法例和国际社会最新相关成果,增设"重大情形""残疾人配偶提出离婚需设限制性条件""苛刻条款"以及限缩"第830条重大疾病范围"等立法建议,将对《民法典·婚姻家庭编》(草案)离婚制度构建中残疾人婚姻权益保障有所裨益。

On Design of the Legal Requirement for Divorce in Civil Code and the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Disabled Person

Article 856 of the Draft of the Marriage and Family Code in Civil Code is the core of the entire divorce system. Its legislative proposition and legislative techniques highlight the value pursuit and logic system of the entire divorce system. However, from the perspective of the overall system design, there are also imbalances in interests and logical anomies. Its general clause, "other circumstances that lead to the breakdown of marital relations", lacks the restrictions of "significant" and "responsible spouse claims". The entire divorce grounds lacks the "the strict terms" and other institutional design to balance the interests of weak spouses. The above-mentioned defects have a negative impact on the protection of divorce rights and interests of disabled persons. With the data obtained from the empirical analysis of divorce cases of disabled persons, reference to the latest legislation of the world and the relevant achievements of the international community, this paper proposes legislative proposals to add the "significant situations","spouses of disabled persons require restrictive conditions for divorce","the strict items", and a restriction on the "major disease scope mentioned in the Article 830" and other legislative advice, so that it can construct a marriage for the disabled in the Marriage and Family divorce system in Civil Code and benefit the protection of the rights and interests of disabled persons in the construction of divorce system.