民事诉讼法上的“利害关系人”之界定

因我国民事诉讼立法及相关司法解释对利害关系人的概念缺乏明确界定,学者们在注解相关条文中的＂利害关系人＂时亦见解不一,故难以厘清＂利害关系人＂与＂当事人＂、＂案外人＂等概念之间的关系。实务界因缺乏明确的法律依据和正确的理论指引,在利害关系人之诉权保护及确定审判权作用范围等问题上不时遭遇操作障碍。就制定法上概念、术语的精确化而言,司法解释比法条定义更具灵活性和针对性,更能适用变化多样的法律关系。为了保护利害关系人的合法权益,保障民事诉讼的正常运行,最高人民法院应根据一般民事案件的私益性、对抗性,非讼案件的公益性,执行案件兼顾第三人利益之特点,出台相关司法解释,对通常诉讼程序、非讼程序和执行程序中的利害关系人分别作出界定。

The Definition of Interested Party in Civil Procedure

Both civil procedure law and judicial interpretation have not a clear definition of the concept of interested party at present.There is also not a consistent note of this legal terminology by scholars.Because lack of clear legal bases and correct theoretical guidelines,the communities of practice encountered a lot of operational obstacles.They not only cannot protect the interested parties＇ procedural rights on time but also cannot determine the scope of jurisdiction accurately.Generally,to preclude all misunderstanding of concepts or terminology of the civil procedure law,judicial interpretation will be more flexible and targeted than civil procedure law.After all,judicial interpretation is compatible with the diverse legal relations freely.In order to protect the interested party＇ legitimate interests and guarantee the normal operation of the civil procedure,the Supreme People＇s Court should draw up some judicial interpretations to clear the interested party in ordinary civil procedure,non-litigious procedure and procedure of execution separately,which should be based on the characteristics such as general civil cases with private profit and confrontation,non-litigious cases in public,taking the third party＇s interest into consideration in enforcement procedure and so on.