审判中心视角下的行政诉讼制度构造

"以审判为中心"的政法政策同样适用于行政诉讼制度改革,它要求法院发挥自身司法能力和司法制度能力,有效地介入涉法行政争议之中,并藉此保护法益。在行政诉讼中,司法权与行政权之间是法律监督上的国家权力结构关系。法院优位于行政机关,法院作为独立裁判者指挥诉讼管理关系和裁判过程。以审判为中心的行政诉讼制度构造,应最大限度地发挥法院司法能力在解决行政争议上的优位角色,应完整地发挥行政诉讼法的制度能力,即发挥立法、司法解释、司法组织及指导性案例的制度功能。行政诉讼司法准入、行政机关负责人出庭应诉、诉讼管辖、庭审制度等,是否体现了"以审判为中心"的制度改革方向,主要看其是否有利于行政争议的实质解决和法益有效保护。"多元化纠纷解决机制"政策和行政行为合法性审查为中心的行政诉讼制度,影响了法院的诉讼角色和功能。回归司法权和诉讼制度本质,宜在行政争议、行政行为和法益之间构造出一致性的诉讼结构关系;宜从组织和体制改革转向程序改革,发挥行政程序和司法程序在塑造司法公正和司法效率上的作用。

The Construction of Administrative Litigation System From the Perspective of Judicial Centrism

The"judicial-centered"political and legal policy is also applicable to the reform of the administrative litigation system.It requires the court to exert its judicial capacity and institutional competence,effectively intervene in administrative disputes involving law,and thereby protect legal interests.In the process of administrative litigation,the relationship between judicial power and administrative power is based on the structure of state power in legal supervision.The court is prior to the administrative branch.As an independent adjudicator,the court governs the litigation management and judging process.The construction of administrative litigation system on judicial centrism,which should maximize the superior role of the court’s judicial capacity in solving administrative disputes,and should fully utilize the institutional competence of the administrative litigation law,namely,the legislation,judicial interpretation,judicial organization and ruling cases.Whether the judicial access to administrative proceedings,the person in charge of administrative proceedings appear in court to respond to the complaint,the jurisdiction of the court,and the court trial system,etc.,reflect the system reform direction of judicial centrism.The court’s litigation role and function are affected by the policy of"multiple dispute resolution mechanisms"and the ideas of judicial review of administrative acts.To promote the impartial and efficiency on judiciary,the courts must return to the essence of judicial power and litigation system,and keep a consistent structure relationship with administrative disputes,administrative acts and legal benefits.The function of administrative procedures and judicial process has been increasingly important,when the reform is shifted from organization and institution to procedures.