禁食野生动物的刑法规制与教义阐释——以《刑法修正案(十一)》第四十一条为中心

《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十一)》增设了针对陆生野生动物以食用为目的的危害行为的法律规制,在原有罪名基础上进一步拓展了野生动物刑法保护的外延。这一立法条款修订与疫情防控的社会背景相关,体现了积极主义刑法观回应社会现实的功能。此次刑法修正案对野生动物的立法完善不仅是尊重动物伦理生命权的体现,而且深层次地涉及公共卫生安全的法益考量,是弱人类中心主义在刑事立法领域的生动展现。野生动物的刑事法律规制并未采用全面保护的立场,这一保护的有限性是刑法作为保障法的地位所决定的,这也决定了在野生动物保护的法律规则体系中,需要审慎辨析刑法与行政法律规范之间的关系。在具体适用时应当结合此次修正案的条文设置进行教义分析,合理把握具体要件的内涵与彼此之间的逻辑关系,防范以保护之名而随意逾越刑法边界。

Ban on Wild Animals Consumption:The Regulation through Criminal Law and Doctrinal Interpretation--Focused on Article 41 of Amendment XI to Criminal Law Amendment

The Amendment XI to Criminal Law newly imposes legal regulation on the harmful behavior against terrestrial wild animals with the purpose of consumption,and further expands the scope of the protection of wild animals through criminal law on basis of original charges.Such amendment is related to the social background of epidemic prevention and control,and reflects the functional mode of the doctrine of positive criminal law in response to social reality.The legislative improvement on wild animals in this Amendment to the Criminal Law is not only the embodiment of respecting animals’ethical right of life,but also deeply related to the consideration of the legal interest of public health and safety,which is a vivid display of weak anthropocentrism in the field of criminal legislation.The legal regulation on affairs related to wild animals through criminal law is not based on the position of full protection and the limited scope of protection is determined by the status of criminal law as a law to guarantee compliance with other laws,which also determines that in the system of legal rules on the protection of wild animals,the relationship between norms in criminal law and administrative law should be carefully analyzed.For its application in a specific case,we should make a dogmatic analysis on basis of the text of this amendment,reasonably grasp the connotation of specific elements and their logical relationship,and prevent arbitrary crossing of the boundary of criminal law in the name of protection.