人民法院改革取向的审视与思考

20世纪90年代以来的人民法院改革,总体上潜含着对标形式主义法治司法模式的取向,其目标可概括为“让司法更像司法”。这种由内向视角导引的改革,对塑造我国司法的基础形态、完善司法的基本要件具有积极意义,但也在一定程度上造成了司法与社会需求的疏离,使司法改革的红利难以充分转化为社会的实际获得。在还原主义立场下回溯司法的基源性理论,司法是一种制度建构的产物、一种公共产品,司法应当尊重“消费者体验”。着眼于外向视角,提升司法能力亦应成为法院改革的取向之一。在今后继续深化推进司法责任制改革的过程中,应以影响司法能力的基本要素作为改革的着眼点,通过司法能力的提升实现司法的社会功能,满足和实现社会对司法的需求,以“让司法更能司法”。

Review of and Reflections on the Orientation of the People’s Courts Reform

The reform of the people’s courts has the implied orientation of conforming to the notion of the formalistic rule-of-law,the goal of which could be summarized as“make the judiciary more like the judiciary”.This reform,guided by an inward perspective,has a positive significance to shaping the elemental form of the Chinese judiciary and to completing the essential elements of the judiciary.However,it alienates the judiciary from social needs and concerns to a certain extent due to this orientation,making it difficult to fully transform the“dividend”of judicial reform into actual gains of society.According to the fundamental judicial theory in a reductionist position,the judiciary should be understood as a product of political construction and as a sort of public goods,and“consumer experience”should be recognized and respected in the provision of judicial services.From an outward perspective,the enhancement of judicial capacities should also be made one of the orientations of the court reform.In the future reform of the judicial accountability system,China should take the essential elements affecting judicial capabilities as the key points of the reform to realize the social functions of judiciary,meet the social needs on the judiciary,and“enhance the judicial capacity of the judiciary”.