平台经济从业者社会保险法律制度的构建

为平台经济从业者构建社会保险制度,可以为其提供合理的基本生存保障,促进平台经济和谐健康发展。引入“类雇员”概念可以为网约工提供类似于劳动者的保障,但是需要结合我国的立法和司法实践,通过分项处理劳动福利制度克服劳动关系认定规则较低的可预见性。网约工对平台企业的经济从属性以及基本权利的辐射效力,可以作为这个群体强制参保社会保险以及“拆包”参保各险种的理论依据。工作时长取自我国现行立法,体现了经济从属性的程度,可以作为网约工强制参保职工社会保险的标准。社会保险各险种对应的基本权利类型有别。基本医疗保险保障了作为核心权利的生命权和健康权,网约工应当强制参保职工基本医疗保险,通过该制度的无过错支付设计和商业意外事故险部分地补偿工作伤害导致的损失。基本养老保险和失业保险不应当作为强制网约工参保的险种,但是应当通过重复保险的基本原理解决网约工以不同身份参保基本养老保险和基本医疗保险之后的待遇给付问题。

Construction of the Legal System of Social Insurance for Platform Workers

The construction of the social insurance system for platform workers provides a reasonable and basic guarantee of life and promotes the harmonious and healthy development of the platform economy.The introduction of the concept of“employee-like persons”can provide platform workers with protection similar to that of employees,but it needs to be combined with Chinese legislation and judicial practice and overcome the low predictability of the labor relationship identification rule by the itemization of labor welfare systems.The economic dependence of platform workers on platform enterprises and the radiation effect of fundamental rights can be taken as the theoretical bases for the mandatory participation in social insurance system and the“unpacked”participation in different kinds of social insurance.Platform workers’working hours,derived from the current legislation and at the same time reflecting the degree of economic dependency,can be used as the standard for their participation in compulsory insurance for employees.Basic medical insurance protects the core rights to life and health.Platform workers should compulsorily participate in basic medical insurance for employees,and then be compensated for the loss caused by work injury through the no-fault payment of this insurance as well as the commercial accident insurance.Although basic pension insurance and unemployment insurance for employees should not be treated as compulsory insurance for platform workers,they can voluntarily participate in them and simultaneously in the basic medical insurance and pension insurance for residents.In this circumstance,it is necessary to solve the duplicate payment problem through the basic theory of duplicate insurance.