司法裁判中法律事实与法律规范的关系

目前,学界关于司法裁判中法律事实与法律规范关系的论述,可以概括为以下四种推论关系、归类与涵摄关系、等置关系、评价关系。这四种方法在司法判决中各有其作用,但是学者们往往各执一端,将四者割裂开来。而实际上,逻辑推论关系确保了推理形式的正确性,而价值评价则保障了推理的实质合理性,归类与涵摄关系重点关注的是法律推理大小前提如何结合的问题,而等置关系似乎可以作为衡量归类或涵摄是否妥当的一个检测器。司法裁判中将四者有机结合起来,才能保证判决的合法性。

The Relationship of Legal Facts and Legal Norms in Judicial Decision

The understanding of the relationship between legal facts and legal norms in judicial decision in academic circle can be summed up as four types: deduction, categorization and subsumption, equality, and evaluation. Each of the method has its function in judicial decisions, but some scholars stress only one and omit others. Actually, logic deduction safeguards the correctness of deduction form; evaluation ensures substantive reasonability; categorization and subsumption concerns the combination of major premise and minor premise, and equality assess the suitableness of categorization. It is desirable to integrate the four to ensure the lawfulness of decision.