模型建构视野下的滥用职权罪——与玩忽职守罪之区别

近年来,刑法学界在涉及滥用职权和玩忽职守两罪的认定时争议颇多,尤其表现在对两罪主观罪过形式及客观方面特征的界定上。实际上,刑法所建构的犯罪识别模型(犯罪构成)虽然来源于生活原型,但由于人为概念系统固有的拟制功能,法律规定往往高于生活事实本身。据此,在犯罪模型上将所有故意性的一般渎职行为统一拟制为滥用职权罪,将所有过失性的一般渎职行为统一拟制为玩忽职守罪,虽然在一定程度上超越于事实原型本身,但却是十分必要和切实可行的。

Abuse of Office from the Angle of Constitution of Offences: Distinguishing from Malfeasance in Public Office

Over the years,much has been debated about the delineations of abuse of office and malfeasance in public office in criminal law circles,especially about the subjective intents and objective features of the two offences.Indeed,the offense identity model(constitution of offences) described in the Criminal Act derives from daily life(prototype),but tends to overstep real life because of the imitative function of the manual concept system.Thus,it is necessary and practical to define abuse of office as one wherein the offender willfully abuses his/her duties while malfeasance in public offence occurs when the offender negligently derelicts his/her duties,though this delineation may depart from real life.