民法典编纂背景下的知识产权法体系化路径

法典化是立法者将现行私法规范以综合和科学的方法加以体系化重构,以实现法的现代性和体系性。民法典和知识产权单行法同源于启蒙现代性,知识产权对于主体性的价值不亚于其他私权。古典民法典与知识产权失之交臂有三个原因:古典民法典的首要任务是整理旧制度;专利发明和作品与人的主体人格紧密联系;专利权和版权的特许权烙印使其受到质疑。WTO时代的半数民法典包含知识产权篇章的原因是:民法典强调主体性的实现和保障;个人劳动和智力成果财富成为个人自由的物质保障;民法典需要构建多元、开放和便于实现的财产权利体系。我国知识产权法的体系化有三条可能路径:第一是将其从价值和规范两个层面全面融入民法典,次优路径是将其作为民事特别法融入民法典价值判断体系,知识产权专门法典的尝试面临一些挑战。

On the Roadmap of Intellectual Property Law Systematization Against the Backdrop of Civil Law Codification

Codification is the systematic reconstruction of the current private law in a comprehensive and scientific way by legislators, to realize law’s modernness and systematicness. Civil code and intellectual property separate law both stem from enlightening modernity. The value of intellectual property to subjectivity is no less than other private laws. There are three reasons why classical civil code does not contain intellectual property rights: first, the primary task of classical civil code is to sort out the old system;second, patents and works are closely connected to the subject personality of human being;and third, patent right and copyright, with the mark of franchise, is highly questioned. The reasons why half of the civil codes in the WTO era include intellectual property chapter are: first, civil code emphasizes the realization and protection of subjectivity;second, the fruits of labor and intellectual achievements become the material guarantee of individual freedom;and third, civil code needs to build a property right system which is pluralistic, open and easy to implement. There are three possible paths to systematize China’s intellectual property law: the first choice is to fully integrate intellectual property into the civil code in terms of both value and norms;the sub-optimal one is to integrate it into the value judgement of the civil code as a special civil law;and the third alternative is to enact a specialized intellectual property code, which has some potential challenges.