要素自由流动能实现区域协调发展吗——基于“协调性集聚”的理论假说与实证检验

经济活动的空间集聚是当代经济内涵式增长的源泉,现有文献多从要素流动视角来考察经济集聚过程中的区域差异。然而,若将要素流动引入区域生产函数进行推导,可以发现非区域性要素集中规模的扩大,既能提高要素流入区域的劳动生产率,也能提高要素流出区域的要素收益率,基于此,本文以“协调性集聚”为核心概念,通过拓展现代集聚模型来构建要素在自由流动中走向协调发展的理论假说。实证结果进一步显示,虽然我国发展要素在大规模流向东部发达地区,并呈现进一步向超大城市和城市群集聚的趋势,但要素流动在提高要素流入区域劳动生产率的同时,也显著提高了要素流出区域的要素收益率,并从需求侧激发了要素流出区域的市场潜能,要素流动在要素配置效率不断提高的过程中呈现“协调性集聚”的趋势。因此,发达的要素流入区域通过优化公共服务体系提高劳动生产率,欠发达的要素流出区域通过建立健全要素自由流动机制提高要素回报率和收益率,是新时代我国形成市场主导型区域协调发展机制的有效途径。

Can the Free Flow of Factors Lead to Regional Coordinated Development?A Theoretical Hypothesis and Empirical Test Based on“Coordinated Agglomeration”

The spatial agglomeration of economic activities is the source of contemporary economic growth based on quality and efficiency improvement,and the existing literature mostly studies the regional differences in the process of economic agglomeration from the perspective of factor flow.However,if the factor flow is introduced into the regional production function for derivation,it is found that the expansion of the scale of non-regional factor concentration can improve not only the labor productivity of the factor inflow region,but also the marginal productivity of labor in the outflow region.Based on this,the paper takes the“coordinated concentration”as the core concept,and constructs the theoretical hypothesis of modulation development of the factor in the free flow by expanding the modern agglomeration model.The empirical results further show that although China's factors flow to the eastern developed areas on a large scale,and are increasingly clustering in megacities and cities,the flow improves not only the labor productivity of inflow regions,but also the essential marginal productivity of outflow regions,and stimulates the market potential and factor flow of outflow regions from the demand side.At the same time,the efficiency of factor allocation is constantly improving,leading to the trend of“coordinated agglomeration”.Therefore,the eastern region should improve labor productivity by optimizing the public service system and the western region should increase the factor return rate and yield by establishing and improving the mechanism of free flow of factors.This will be an effective way for China to form a market-oriented regional coordinated development mechanism in the new era.