以大数据筑牢公共卫生安全网:应用前景及政策建议

大数据是国家提高公共卫生保障能力和应对流行病威胁的关键资源。从可得性和应用价值来看,公共卫生中涉及的大型数据源可以分为五大类,即医学大数据、互联网大数据、地理/气象大数据、基于便携设备的人类行为大数据和零售大数据。将多来源大数据纳入公共卫生体系,有助于改善公共卫生体系信息报送的及时性、完整性以及对新发传染病的监测敏锐性,帮助传染病防控政策精准实施,但面临着数据挖掘和共享、数据集成和处理技术、数据隐私保护以及管理体制和机制不适应等方面的难题。为此,应搭建公共卫生大数据应用协同网络,加大大数据应用专项资金投入,健全公共卫生大数据治理体系,加强专业人才培养。

Building Public Health Safety Net with Big Data:Application Prospective and Policy Suggestions

Big data is the key preparation currency for countries to improve public health security capacity and respond to the threat of epidemics.From the perspective of availability and application value,big data sources involved in public health can be divided into five categories:medical big data,Internet big data,geographic/meteorological big data,human behavior big data based on smart phones and retail big data.The integration of multi-source big data into the public health system will help to improve the timeliness and integrity of the information submission of the public health system and the sensitivity of monitoring new infectious diseases,and help the precise implementation of infectious disease prevention and control policies.However,it is facing the difficulties of data mining and sharing,the challenges of data processing methods,data privacy protection problems,and the inadaptability of the management system and mechanism.Therefore,in policy,we should build a collaborative network of public health big data application,increase the special fund and projects on big data application,improve the governance of big data and strengthen the training of professional talents.