西南岩溶石山地区岩溶水资源合理开发利用模式

针对湘西洛塔岩溶区特殊的地质环境所造成的干旱缺水、水土流失、生态环境恶化等问题的特点，在调查、分析洛塔自然条件与水土资源、生态环境基本条件的基础上，实施了13处岩溶水资源开发利用示范工程。通过系统总结洛塔地区岩溶水资源合理开发利用技术与方法及岩溶水资源开发利用成功经验，提出了以岩溶水小流域为单元对岩溶水资源进行综合开发利用的5种模式：①地下河堵洞引水开发利用模式；②地下河出口及岩溶大泉引水开发利用模式；③凿引水隧洞拦截地下河开发利用模式；④地表地下联合水库开发利用模式；⑤表层岩溶泉开发利用模式。通过对失败工程的案例分析，认为在岩溶水资源开发利用过程中，应查清工程的岩溶发育规律及工程地质条件，分析经济技术支持的可行性，然后采取相适应的开采方式与方法。岩溶水资源进行综合开发利用的5种模式的提出，为在湘西实施“水源〖DK1〗·土地〖DK1〗·生态”持续发展战略，发展生态经济，实现脱贫致富，促进社会经济、生态环境良性循环，提供了切实可行的实用技术与方法借鉴。

REASONABLE MODE IN EXPLOITATION OF KARST WATER RESOURCES IN KARST STONE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN SOUTHWEST CHINA——A CASE STUDY OF LUOTA，LONGSHAN COUNTY，HUNAN PROVINCE

There are some environmental problems such as drought,soil erosion,and eco environmental degradation caused by the special geological conditions in the karst region of Luota,west of Hunan.13 demonstration projects of karst water resources exploitation were performed on the basis of analysis and investigation on natural environment,water and soil resources and eco environment in Luota.Then,techniques and methods to successfully construct synthesized utilization modes of karst water were summarized systematically taking the subterranean river system as a unit.They are as follows: ①the mode of blocking up caves and leaving water from subterranean stream,namely,leaving water and generating electricity by damming in subterranean river； ②the mode of leaving water from large spring or the outlet of subterranean river; ③the mode of leaving water from subterranean river by digging tunnels,namely,damming subterranean river and raising water table in order to irrigate and generate electricity by digging tunnels; ④the mode of building surface ground reservoir in karst depression and valley; ⑤the mode of exploiting epi karst spring by constructing water tank.The surface and underground karst developed considerably in the areas of peak cluste depression,which have closely hydraulic affiliation because of mutual linkage into a karst spatial system.By thorough investigation on karst system,it was proposed that the sufficient utilization on the spatial coalition of the karst depression at surface and underground cavities into reservoir is one of the principal ways to take advantage of karst ground water.The results showed that the flood can be effectively intercepted and restored in the karst area of southwast China by the coupling management of the underground karst reservoir and the surface reservoir,which can cause the increase of the exploitation of ground water and improve the environmental quality of ground water and surface water.All these provided feasible techniques and references for implement of sustainable development strategy of water,land and ecology,the development of ecological economy,and the benign circulation between social economy and eco environment,and was of important realistic significance for sustainable development of social economy in west Hunan.