上海地区蚜虫及其寄主植物多样性研究

为掌握上海地区蚜虫类昆虫组成情况，在野外标本采集及查阅已有文献资料基础上，得到了上海地区蚜虫物种信息数据库。从分类阶元、寄主植物、寄生部位及寄生方式等方面探讨了上海地区蚜虫类昆虫物种多样性。结果表明，上海地区共记录蚜虫8科46属75种，分别占中国已知蚜虫科、属、种数的61.5%、17.2%、6.8%，其中蚜科蚜虫仅占该科中国已知种数的10.0%。上海地区蚜虫寄主植物类群较多，涉及44科83属。蚜虫寄生部位多样化，其中根部寄生的蚜虫目前仅发现于瘿绵蚜科和根瘤蚜科，取食嫩梢、茎和叶片等部位的蚜虫涉及多个科。蚜虫的寄生方式分为不形成虫瘿、形成虫瘿以及形成伪虫瘿3种，上海地区蚜虫的主要寄生方式是不形成虫瘿，且仅在叶片这一种寄生部位形成虫瘿或伪虫瘿。上海地区植物物种多样性特点决定了该地区蚜虫类昆虫的物种多样性，而且上海地区气候环境适宜蚜虫的生存

STUDY ON SPECIES AND HOST PLANT DIVERSITY OF APHIDS IN SHANGHAI

Aphids distribute worldwidely as a large group of Hemiptera.There is a close relationship between the aphid and the human.Some aphid species are pests.In China,aphid fauna of many areas have been systemically studied,but few relevant work has been done in Shanghai although it is a rapid economic growth metropolis.In order to grasp insect composition of aphids,the species diversity of aphids with taxa,host plant,infesting location and infesting type was studied in Shanghai based on field investigation and literature analyses.The results showed that 75 species,belonging to 46 genera and 8 families of aphids were found in Shanghai,accounting for 6.8%,17.2%,and 61.5% of known aphid species,genera and families in China,respectively.Although Aphididae contained the maximum known aphid species of Shanghai,it contributed only 10.0% of the total known species in China.Only one species of Thelaxidae was found in Shanghai.Although only 2 species Phylloxeridae were found in Shanghai,it contributed 50.0% of the total known species in China.The host plants of aphids in Shanghai were diverse at family and genus level,being 83 in genera and 44 in families.The dominant families were Poaceae,Rosaceae,Brassicaceae,Papilionaceae,Salicaceae,Ulmaceae,Asteraceae.They were also the common plants in Shanghai.Among the aphids,Aphididae had the most diverse host plants,with 59 genera in 30 families,accounting for 71.1%,62.8% of known aphid host plants genera and families in Shanghai,respectively.The host plants of Phylloxeridae and Thelaxidae were very poor,being 2 genera in 2 families and 2 genera in 1 family.The infesting location of aphid was various in Shanghai.Phylloxeridae and Pemphigidae parasitized on root,while the aphids feeding on the twigs,stems and leaves involved multiple families.Aphididae and Pemphigidae had the highest diversity of infesting location.Aphididae,Lachnidae and Chaitophoridae often fed on rich nutrition places such as twigs,stem and leaf.There were three infesting types: not forming galls,forming galls and forming pseudo galls.The main infesting type for aphid in Shanghai was not forming galls.Pemphigidae and Hormaphididae were forming galls.Pemphigidae and Aphididae were forming pseudo galls.Not only forming galls but also forming pseudo galls were specific on one host plant location-the leaves.For the strict specification between aphids and host plants,aphid can have different forms of adaptive mechanism to plants.In some sense,the diversity of the host plants determined the diversity of the aphids in Shanghai,and the climatic environment of Shanghai was proper to aphid survival