珠江水产品中滴滴涕和六六六残留特征及风险评价

以珠江河口水生食物链较顶端的鱼类和虾类作为研究对象,利用气相色谱(GC-ECD)法检测分析了有机氯农药滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)及其单体在这些水生动物体内的残留水平和特征,以期为珠江流域水生生物生态风险评价提供基础资料和科学依据。结果显示,鱼类肌肉中的DDTs含量(以湿质量计)范围为未检出(nd)～42.73μg.kg-1(平均值为7.61μg.kg-1),在虾类肌肉中的含量范围为nd～9.51μg.kg-1(平均值为1.97μg.kg-1);鱼类肌肉中的HCHs含量范围为nd～1.71μg.kg-1(平均值为0.62μg.kg-1),在虾类肌肉中的含量范围为nd～0.86μg.kg-1(平均值为0.56μg.kg-1)。鱼类肌肉中DDTs和HCHs的残留均值高于虾类,而鱼类和虾类体内DDTs的残留量均高于HCHs的残留量。HCHs、DDTs的单体分别以γ-HCH、p,p'-DDT的含量最高,而且近期都有新的污染源输入。所采集的水产品中DDTs、HCHs残留量尚低于我国的无公害水产品质量安全标准要求(GB18406.4),亦低于日本、欧盟等发达国家和地区相关的最大残留限量,因此,DDTs、HCHs通过膳食的暴露暂时不会对该地区的人体健康产生危害。

Residues Characteristics and Risk Evaluation of DDTs and HCHs in Aquatic Products from Pearl River Estuary

To provide basic information and scientific basis for the ecological risk assessment of aquatic organisms in the Pearl River Estuary,gas chromatography-electron capture detector(GC-ECD) was used to analyze the residue characteristics of DDTs,HCHs and its monomers in the fish and shrimp that are on the top of aquatic food chain in the Pearl River Estuary.The contents of DDTs in the fish muscles ranged from no detection(nd) to 42.73 μg·kg-1(wet weight),with the average of 7.61 μg·kg-1,while the contents of DDTs in the shrimp muscles ranged between nd and 9.51 μg·kg-1,with the average of 1.97 μg·kg-1.The contents of HCHs in the fish muscles ranged between nd and 1.71 μg·kg-1,with the average of 0.62 μg·kg-1,while the contents of HCHs in the shrimp muscles ranged between nd and 0.86 μg·kg-1,with the average of 0.56 μg·kg-1.The average residual values of DDTs and HCHs in the fish muscles were higher than these in the shrimp muscles.The residues of DDTs in both fish and shrimp were higher than that of HCHs.The main monomers of HCHs and DDTs were r-HCH and p,p'-DDT,respectively.Recently,new DDTs emission has been speculated to put into the river.The residual amounts of DDTs and HCHs in the collected aquatic animals were still lower than the values set in the pollution-free aquatic products quality and safety standards of China(GB 18406.4),which were also lower than the maximum residue limits set by Japan,European Union and other developed countries and regions.Therefore,DDTs and HCHs did little harm to human health through dietary exposure in the Pearl River areas.