大气中黑碳的健康效应及机制研究进展

虽然人类社会不断进步发展,但大量工业和自然排放也导致了严重的空气污染。大气颗粒物是大气污染物的主要成分之一,黑碳是其中的重要组成成分,被国际癌症研究机构(IARC)归类为2B类致癌物。黑碳可以吸附其他致癌物质,会对环境和人体健康产生不利影响,因此黑碳暴露对人类的危害得到越来越多的重视。空气中黑碳的水平与心血管、呼吸和神经系统疾病的发生都有关系;黑碳主要通过引起氧化应激和炎症反应,诱发基因突变等一系列损伤。虽然现今对于黑碳健康效应的研究已取得了一些进展,但研究多数处于起步阶段,且仅针对黑碳本身进行单独研究,未来还需要加强开展对黑碳和其他污染物联合毒性效应及机制的研究。本综述主要针对近年来已开展的研究进行了总结归纳。

Review on the Health Effects and Mechanisms of Black Carbon

A large number of industrial and natural emissions have induced serious air pollution during the evolution of human society. Atmospheric particulate is one of the main components of air pollution, and black carbon (BC) is the key components of atmospheric particulate. BC was classified as 2B carcinogens by IARC, which can absorb other carcinogens and then cause adversely effect on the environment and human health. Thus, more and more attention has been paid to the toxicity of BC. The level of BC in the air is related to the occurrence of cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological diseases. BC induce gene mutation and other injuries mainly through the oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Although some progress has been made in the study of the health effects of BC in recent times, most of the research are very preliminary and just focus on BC itself. Thus, more studies are needed to strengthen the joint toxicity and mechanisms of black carbon and other pollutants. This review summarizes the research in recent years.