轻质陶粒滤料生态滤床的挂膜与启动研究

以自行设计的反应器作为生态滤床的基础,采用活性污泥作为接种污泥,采用轻质陶粒作为生态滤床的滤料,对其进行挂膜.在整个挂膜过程中,温度控制在中温条件下,进水pH值控制在7左右,水力停留时间为24 h,进水方式为连续进水,并根据需要对曝气量进行调节.在挂膜过程中对进、出水的COD、NH_3-N、TP、Cl~-和pH进行检测,并刮取少量轻质陶粒上的生物膜制成镜检切片后用多媒体显微镜对生物膜的形态进行观察.研究结果表明,在中温条件下采用活性污泥作为接种污泥,以轻质陶粒为滤料的生态滤床在15 d内挂膜成功;且随着进水污染负荷的提高,其去除率也逐渐提高,其中COD的去除率最后稳定在95%左右,NH3-N的去除率稳定在85%左右,TP的去除率在挂膜后期达到了80%以上;Cl~-作为微生物所需的微量元素在微生物生长高峰期为50%,稳定期保持在20%左右;进水pH保持在7左右,出水pH略高于进水,在8左右;从第13 d和第15 d的切片可观察到轮虫这种象征生物膜成熟的微生物的出现,此外还有大量的丝状菌和菌胶团.

Research on biofilm culturing of the light ceramsite for the ecological filter bed

Reactor designed by the author was used as ecological filter bed, light ceramsite was as filter media which was cultured with activated sludge as seeds. During the entire processes, temperature was controlled under mesospheric condition, influent pH was about 7, hydraulic retention time was 24 h, influent modes was continuous and aeration rate was needed to regulate. Some removal rates of pollutants such as COD, NH_3-N, TP, CY and pH of influent and effluent were detected. The shapes of biofilm were also observed with multimedia microscope immediately microscopic examination sections of biofilm taken from light ceramsite were made. The results show that the ecological filter bed can be started up successfully within fifteen days with activated sludge as seeds under mesospheric conditions. The removal rates are improved gradually with increasing of influent pollution loads. The removal rates of COD and NH_3-N are about stabilized on 95% and 85% finally. The removal rate of TP is up to 80% in the late. The removal rate of Cl~- which is a kind of trace element for microorganism is 50% at their growth peak and keeps about 20% at stationary phase. Effluent pH is about 8, which is higher than influent, about 7. Rotifer which is the symbol of perfect biofilm is observed as well as lots of filamentous bacteria and zoogloea at the thirteenth and fifteenth days.