基于利益相关方意愿调查的东江流域生态补偿机制探讨

流域生态补偿已经成为解决流域生态环境保护问题、协调流域上下游利益冲突的重要手段之一。以东江流域为例,通过实地问卷调查和条件价值评估法评估流域上下游利益相关方生态补偿意愿,并探讨构建东江流域生态补偿机制。流域生态补偿意愿调查结果表明,流域内居民对东江流域生态环境保护有很高的积极性,对建立流域生态补偿机制有较高的认同度;下游地区城市居民平均支付意愿为332.7-364.5元/（年·户）,上游农民对于林地保护的平均受偿意愿为360.75元/（年·hm^2）;通过回归分析发现,受教育水平、收入、自来水水质对支付意愿影响显著,而受偿意愿受性别和受教育水平影响明显;充分考虑并协调好流域上下游利益相关方的诉求对东江流域生态环境保护和生态补偿机制的建立有着重要的现实意义。

Study of ecological compensation mechanism of Dongjiang river based on contingent valuation method

Eco-compensation mechanism is regarded as an effective way to solve conflicts between economic development and eco-logical protection problems in the river basin scale.The paper evaluated different stakeholders involved in the Dongjiang River through questionnaire survey using contingent valuation method and proposed a potential eco-compensation mechanism in Dongji-ang river basin.It was concluded that most of the residents in Dongjiang river basin expressed high enthusiasm to adopt the eco-compensation mechanism.Survey results indicated the mean value of WTP to the ecosystem services in Dongjiang upstream was RMB 332.7～364.5 per household per month,and that the mean value of WTA to protect forest in Dongjiang upstream was RMB 360.75 per year per hm2.Linear regression results indicated that education,income and quality of water were significantly correlated with the value of WTP in the downstream;while,education and gender were significantly correlated with the value of WTA in the downstream.So the interests and involvement of different stakeholder should be considered to build the eco-compensation mecha-nism in the local river basin.In the end,the paper proposed a potential eco-compensation mechanism for Dongjiang river basin.