北京市区域城市化程度与颗粒物污染的相关性分析

城市化程度的提升带来严重的资源环境问题,尤其是空气污染问题,严重影响了人类的健康。大气中的PM2.5等颗粒物已经成为影响我国城市空气质量的主要污染物。现有研究多数是对于多年来多地区的宏观研究,缺乏对于典型地区的具体数据报道。通过分析北京市PM2.5和PM10的质量浓度与不同城市化程度地区的相关关系,探索城市化程度对PM2.5等颗粒物浓度的影响。选取北京市7处具有代表性空气质量监测点,于2013年7月至10月对PM2.5和PM10的质量浓度进行连续4个月的实时监测,结合《北京市区域统计年鉴》中的城市化指标数据,包括常住人口密度、地区生产总值和林木覆盖率,对数据进行变化趋势分析、Pearson相关分析和回归分析。研究结论表明：由于北京市不同区域城市化程度不同导致颗粒物污染状况不同,每个区域的PM2.5与PM10的质量浓度虽有差异但均显著相关,PM2.5的质量浓度约占PM10的质量浓度的60%,PM2.5是PM10的主要组成成分。城市化程度与PM2.5等颗粒物浓度有明显的关系,PM2.5等颗粒物浓度与地区生产总值和林木覆盖率显著相关,与地区生产总值呈正相关,与林木覆盖率呈负相关;与常住人口密度呈正相关趋势但并不显著相关。其中,PM2.5的质量浓度与地区生产总值的相关系数为0.875,与林木覆盖率的相关系数为-0.838;PM10的质量浓度与地区生产总值相关系数为0.947,与林木覆盖率相关系数为-0.775。总体来看,PM2.5等颗粒物浓度随城市化程度的提高而增加,北京市区域城市化程度与颗粒物污染情况关系明显。我国在快速发展城市化的同时,应关注环境与经济相协调。调整产业结构,增加植被绿化,控制污染源将有助于减少北京市大气中颗粒物的污染程度,为我国的城市化进程提供相应的支持和保障。

Correlation analysis between urbanization and particle pollution in Beijing

Urbanization causes serious resources and environment problems especially air pollution which severely affects human health. Atmospheric particulate matters such as PM2.5 are becoming to be the major atmospheric pollutant in large cities. The urbanization effect on the concentration of air particles is often stated in large scale regions but has rarely been studied in smalldistrict in detail. By analyzing the correlation between the concentrations of size-fractionated particles and varying degrees of urbanized areas, we studied the impact of urbanization to the concentrations of particulate matters such as PM2.5. Seven typical monitoring points were selected to monitor the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing during four months continuously, from July to October, 2013. Resident population density, GDP and forest coverage were selected as urbanization indexes fromBeijing Regional Statistical Yearbook. Data analysis method included the change trend analysis, the Pearson correlation analysis and the regression analysis. Due to the dissimilar degrees of urbanization in different regions of Beijing, the particulate matter pollution varies correspondingly. High PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations found to be closely related to each other, PM2.5 was the main component of PM10. The particle concentrations were correlated to GDP and the rate of forest coverage, positively correlated with GDP, and negatively correlated with the rate of forest coverage. The particle concentrations were positively followed the developing trend of population density. The correlation coefficient of PM2.5 and GDP is 0.875, and that of PM2.5 and forest coverage is -0.838. The correlation coefficient of PM10 and GDP is 0.947, and that of PM10 and forest coverage is -0.775. Overall, the particle concentrations increase with the development of the urbanization. While the rapid development of China＇s urbanization, environmental and economic concerns should be coordinated. Adjusting industrial structures, increasing the green vegetation and contro