Potential ammonia emission from flag leaves of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari) |
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Authors: | Kentaro Hayashi Takeshi TokidaToshihiro Hasegawa |
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Affiliation: | a Carbon and Nutrient Cycles Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3, Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, 305-8604 Ibaraki, Japan b Agro-Meteorology Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8604 Ibaraki, Japan |
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Abstract: | The present study aimed to investigate the potential ammonia (NH3) emission from flag leaves of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari). The study was conducted at a paddy field in central Japan that was designed as a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility for paddy rice. A dynamic chamber method was used to measure the potential NH3 emissions. The air concentrations of NH3 at two heights (2 and 6 m from the ground surface) were measured using a filter-pack method, and the exchange fluxes of NH3 of the whole paddy field were calculated using a gradient method. The flag leaves showed potential NH3 emissions of 25-38 ng N cm−2 h−1 in the daytime from the heading to the maturity stages, and they showed potentials of approximately 22 ng N cm−2 h−1, even in the nighttime, at the heading and mid-ripening stages. The exchange fluxes of NH3 of the whole paddy field in the daytime were net emissions of 0.9-3.9 g N ha−1 h−1 whereas the exchange fluxes of NH3 in the nighttime were approximately zero. |
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Keywords: | Ammonia emission potential Elevated CO2 Free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) Flag leaf Rice leaf blade |
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