Contaminant removal from low-concentration polluted river water by the bio-rack wetlands |
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| Authors: | Ji Wang Lanying Zhang Shaoyong Lu Xiangcan Jin and Shu Gan |
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| Affiliation: | Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Engineering and Technology Center of Lake, Research Center of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Engineering and Technology Center of Lake, Research Center of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Engineering and Technology Center of Lake, Research Center of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Engineering and Technology Center of Lake, Research Center of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China |
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| Abstract: | The bio-rack is a new approach for treating low-concentration polluted river water in wetland systems. A comparative study of the efficiency of contaminant removal between four plant species in bio-rack wetlands and between a bio-rack system and control system was conducted on a small-scale (500 mm length × 400 mm width × 400 mm height) to evaluate the decontamination effects of four different wetland plants. There was generally a significant difference in the removal of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3−N) and total phosphorus (TP), but no significant difference in the removal of permanganate index (CODMn) between the bio-rack wetland and control system. Bio-rack wetland planted with Thalia dealbata had higher nutrient removal rates than wetlands planted with other species. Plant fine-root (root diameter ≤ 3 mm) biomass rather than total plant biomass was related to nutrient removal efficiency. The study suggested that the nutrient removal rates are influenced by plant species, and high fine-root biomass is an important factor in selecting highly effective wetland plants for a bio-rack system. According to the mass balance, the TN and TP removal were in the range of 61.03–73.27 g/m2 and 4.14–5.20 g/m2 in four bio-rack wetlands during the whole operational period. The N and P removal by plant uptake constituted 34.9%–43.81% of the mass N removal and 62.05%–74.81% of the mass P removal. The study showed that the nitrification/denitrification process and plant uptake process are major removal pathways for TN, while plant uptake is an effective removal pathway for TP. |
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| Keywords: | bio-rack constructed wetland fine-root biomass low-concentration polluted river water plants uptake |
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